This two-set volume CCIS 2669 and CCIS 2670 constitutes the post-conference proceedings of the 5th International Conference on AI and Digital Transformation: Opportunities, Challenges, and Emerging Threats in Technology, Business, and Security, ICITTBT 2025 held in Tirana, Albania during May 29-30, 2025.

The 65 full papers and 26 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 219 submissions. They were organized in the following topical sections:

Part I: Artificial Intelligence (AI); Data Analytics and Data Science; Advancements in IoT, Networking, Cloud, Robotics, and Cybersecurity.

Part II: Technology in Applied Sciences; Management, Business, Economics, and Social Sciences: Analytics, Strategy, and Governance; Digital Economy.

Inhalt

.- Technology in Applied Sciences.

.- Optimizing Biogas Yield via Genetic Algorithms for Green Building Use.

.- A Hybrid Logical-Stochastic Modeling Framework for Signal Transduction: Application to Angiogenesis.

.- Mathematical Modelling of Induction Machine Under Stator Inter Turn.

.- Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Digital Strategic Intervention Material for Addressing Least Mastered Competencies in Biology.

.- Power System Modeling using Space-Vector Transformation.

.- Effect of Aluminum Content and Compaction Pressure on Bovine Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite Composites.

.- An Overview of Manufacturing Methodologies for Aluminum Alloys 6061 and 6005.

.- Strategic Vulnerability Analysis of Cybersecurity Frameworks: Toward a Hybrid Model for Governance and Resilience.

.- The Impact and Diversity of Digital Twin Technology and Immersive Learning in Education: A Case Study of the University Aleksandër Moisiu .

.- Science Teachers' Initiatives on Spiral Progression Approach to Enrich Students Retention in Grade 10 Biology.

.- Implementation of Science Spiral Progression Approach: Lessons from Teachers in the Classroom.

.- Analyzing and Optimization of Bending Beam via the Wave Method.

.- Comprehensive Analysis of 6061 and 6063 Aluminum Alloys: Applications and Mechanical Properties.

.- Energy Consumption Prediction Using Deep Learning: A Case Study on Small-Scale Smart Steel Industry.

.- MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, ECONOMICS, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: ANALYTICS, STRATEGY, AND GOVERNANCE.

.- Advancing Smart Governance in Kazakhstan: A Critical Analysis of Digital Initiatives and Policy Implications.

.- The Impact of Internationalization on Financial Stress Risk in Portuguese Manufacturing SMEs.

.- Key Managerial Dilemmas During Digital Transformation of Organizations: Systematic Literature Review.

.- The Effect of the E-Kosova Platform on Enhancing Public Services for Citizens in Kosovo.

.- Forecast Analysis Of Sales In The Non-Life Insurance Industry In Albania.

.- Essential Competencies in Public Sector and Educational Management.

.- Working Conditions and Insurance for Rural Workers in Albania: Challenges and Opportunities.

.- The Effect of Tax-Accounting Divergence on Net Profit Margin: The Case of Albania.

.- The Importance of GDPR Compliance and a Documentation Framework.

.- Navigating Environmental Quality in the EU Amid Financial, Regulatory and Economic Forces: An Empirical Analysis.

.- Exploring the Typology of Transnational Call Center-Based Investment Fraud: Evidence from the Albanian Case.

.- A Quantitative Assessment of Barriers to Economic Aid Access: DURANA Economic Area Case.

.- Unveiling Banks' Profitability in Albania: A Panel Estimation Approach.

.- The Macroeconomic Effects of Exchange Rate Appreciation in Albania: Evidence from a Panel of Western Balkan Economies (2009 2024).

.- Sectoral and Age-Related Competency Differences in Effective Management: A Comparative Analysis of Private and Public Sectors in Balkans.

.- DIGITAL ECONOMY.

.- Impact of Cloud Computing in the Digital Transformation of the Production Sector.

.- Applying the AI Framework to Albania s Tourism Sector: A Regional Case Study.

.- Reimagining Customer Service in the Age of AI.

.- Augmented Reality Tourist Guide for Cultural Heritage Sites: A Low-Cost Prototype Implementation for Ohrid, North Macedonia.

.- Youth employer alignment in the digital era: a quantitative assessment of the digital skills mismatch.

.- SMEs Digital Transformation: A literature review of advanced and emerging economies, with a special focus on the Western Balkans and Albania.

.- Designing a Digital Milk Price Stock Exchange to Reverse Albania s Dairy Sector Decline.

.- AI-Driven Digital Transformation in HE Marketing: Opportunities & Challenges in Student Recruitment.